Web Survey Bibliography
Experiments also show advantages in the social sciences, e.g. the possibility to test hypotheses with optimal internal validity. So, the analysis of social dilemmas recently has become a prominent example for experiments in the social sciences. Because it is assumed that cultural differences could be of major importance in this case (e.g. Heinrich et al. 2001), comparison of experimental results is of some interest here.
But, the organisation and realisation of the same experiment in several countries requires high amounts of time and money, especially if significant sample sizes are needed. An online implementation of an analysis of vignettes (or: factorial survey) can minimize these problems. The factorial survey combines properties of the experiment and the survey.
Here, the respondents get descriptions of realistic situations of social dilemmas with experimentally varied attributes (e.g. an ultimatum game with gains and one with losses). Measuring respondents reactions then open ways to test appropriate hypotheses. Hence, the classical paper-and-pencil method here leads to major technical problems, especially in an international application. e.g., even with few variables the number of different vignettes becomes very large.
An online implementation of the vignettes experiment can be a solution to this problem. First it simplifies the technical handling (e.g., vignette generation or the random assignment of the vignettes to the respondents).Second, international comparison is easier, because one survey can be put in practice in different countries easy, fast and cost-effective even with large sample sizes. The only thing to do is to translate the texts. So the additional effort for the international survey can be minimized.
However external validity remains a problem when measuring actions with factorial surveys (e.g. Eifler and Bentrup 2004). Therefore the interpretation should focus on differences in marginal effects and not on absolute differences between the countries.
Data from a vignette survey in Poland, Germany and Italy on decisions in trust and ultimatum games is used to illustrate the procedure described above.
Experimente weisen auch für die Sozialwissenschaften einige Vorteile auf. Z. B. lassen sich damit Hypothesen unter optimaler Drittvariablenkontrolle testen. Als prominentes Feld für sozialwissenschaftliche Experimente hat sich in letzter Zeit die Analyse von sozialen Dilemmata erwiesen. Da hier auch kulturelle Einflüsse vermutet werden, ist insbesondere der internationale Vergleich von experimentellen Ergebnissen sinnvoll (vgl. z.B. Henrich et al. 2001).
Die Durchführung desselben Experiments in verschiedenen Ländern ist allerdings mit einem hohen zeitlichen, finanziellen und organisatorischen Aufwand verbunden, insbesondere wenn eine aussagekräftige Fallzahl erreicht werden soll. Abhilfe kann hier ein Online implementiertes Vignettenexperiment (oder: faktorieller Survey) schaffen. Dieses kombiniert Eigenschaften von Experimenten und Befragungen. Konkret werden den Respondenten in der hier verfolgten Anwendung kurze reale Darstellungen von sozialen Dilemmata präsentiert, die experimentell variiert werden (z.B. wird in einem Ultimatumspiel einmal ein Gewinn und einmal ein Verlust aufgeteilt). Die Messung der Reaktionen erlaubt dann die Überprüfung von entsprechenden Hypothesen. Klassische Vignettenexperimente erfordern allerdings einen hohen organisatorischen Aufwand, da z. B. die Zahl der unterschiedlichen Fragebögen, auch bei wenigen Variablen, schnell sehr groß wird.
Die Online-Implementierung eines Vignettenexperiments bietet hier einige Vorteile. Einerseits vereinfacht dies die technische Handhabung der Vignetten an sich (z.B. Generierung und zufällige Zuweisung der Vignetten auf die Respondenten). Andererseits wird spezifisch der internationale Vergleich dadurch erleichtert. Denn die Erhebung von hohen Fallzahlen in mehreren Ländern kann einfach, schnell und kostengünstig erfolgen, da die entsprechenden Texte nur übersetzt werden müssen. Der Zusatzaufwand für die Erhebung an verschiedenen Orten wird damit minimiert.
Allerdings ist die externe Validität von Vignettenexperimenten bei der Messung von Handlungen nicht gesichert (vgl. z. B. Eifler und Bentrup 2004). Bei der Interpretation der Resultate sollten deshalb die Marginaleffekte im Vordergrund stehen und weniger absolute Anteile in verschiedenen Ländern verglichen werden.
Anhand von Vignettendaten aus Polen, Deutschland und Italien bei denenKooperationsentscheidungen im Vertrauens- und Ultimatumspiel analysiert werden, wird das dargestellte Vorgehen illustriert.
German Online Research Conference (GOR) 2007 (abstract)
Web survey bibliography (4086)
- Displaying Videos in Web Surveys: Implications for Complete Viewing and Survey Responses; 2017; Mendelson, J.; Lee Gibson, J.; Romano Bergstrom, J. C.
- Using experts’ consensus (the Delphi method) to evaluate weighting techniques in web surveys not...; 2017; Toepoel, V.; Emerson, H.
- Mind the Mode: Differences in Paper vs. Web-Based Survey Modes Among Women With Cancer; 2017; Hagan, T. L.; Belcher, S. M.; Donovan, H. S.
- Answering Without Reading: IMCs and Strong Satisficing in Online Surveys; 2017; Anduiza, E.; Galais, C.
- Ideal and maximum length for a web survey; 2017; Revilla, M.; Ochoa, C.
- Social desirability bias in self-reported well-being measures: evidence from an online survey; 2017; Caputo, A.
- Web-Based Survey Methodology; 2017; Wright, K. B.
- Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences; 2017; Liamputtong, P.
- Lessons from recruitment to an internet based survey for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: merits of...; 2017; Davies, B.; Kotter, M. R.
- Web Survey Gamification - Increasing Data Quality in Web Surveys by Using Game Design Elements; 2017; Schacht, S.; Keusch, F.; Bergmann, N.; Morana, S.
- Effects of sampling procedure on data quality in a web survey; 2017; Rimac, I.; Ogresta, J.
- Comparability of web and telephone surveys for the measurement of subjective well-being; 2017; Sarracino, F.; Riillo, C. F. A.; Mikucka, M.
- Achieving Strong Privacy in Online Survey; 2017; Zhou, Yo.; Zhou, Yi.; Chen, S.; Wu, S. S.
- A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Incentives on Response Rate in Online Survey Studies; 2017; Mohammad Asire, A.
- Telephone versus Online Survey Modes for Election Studies: Comparing Canadian Public Opinion and Vote...; 2017; Breton, C.; Cutler, F.; Lachance, S.; Mierke-Zatwarnicki, A.
- Examining Factors Impacting Online Survey Response Ratesin Educational Research: Perceptions of Graduate...; 2017; Saleh, A.; Bista, K.
- Usability Testing for Survey Research; 2017; Geisen, E.; Romano Bergstrom, J. C.
- Paradata as an aide to questionnaire design: Improving quality and reducing burden; 2017; Timm, E.; Stewart, J.; Sidney, I.
- Fieldwork monitoring and managing with time-related paradata; 2017; Vandenplas, C.
- Interviewer effects on onliner and offliner participation in the German Internet Panel; 2017; Herzing, J. M. E.; Blom, A. G.; Meuleman, B.
- Interviewer Gender and Survey Responses: The Effects of Humanizing Cues Variations; 2017; Jablonski, W.; Krzewinska, A.; Grzeszkiewicz-Radulska, K.
- Millennials and emojis in Spain and Mexico.; 2017; Bosch Jover, O.; Revilla, M.
- Where, When, How and with What Do Panel Interviews Take Place and Is the Quality of Answers Affected...; 2017; Niebruegge, S.
- Comparing the same Questionnaire between five Online Panels: A Study of the Effect of Recruitment Strategy...; 2017; Schnell, R.; Panreck, L.
- Nonresponses as context-sensitive response behaviour of participants in online-surveys and their relevance...; 2017; Wetzlehuetter, D.
- Do distractions during web survey completion affect data quality? Findings from a laboratory experiment...; 2017; Wenz, A.
- Predicting Breakoffs in Web Surveys; 2017; Mittereder, F.; West, B. T.
- Measuring Subjective Health and Life Satisfaction with U.S. Hispanics; 2017; Lee, S.; Davis, R.
- Humanizing Cues in Internet Surveys: Investigating Respondent Cognitive Processes; 2017; Jablonski, W.; Grzeszkiewicz-Radulska, K.; Krzewinska, A.
- A Comparison of Emerging Pretesting Methods for Evaluating “Modern” Surveys; 2017; Geisen, E., Murphy, J.
- The Effect of Respondent Commitment on Response Quality in Two Online Surveys; 2017; Cibelli Hibben, K.
- Pushing to web in the ISSP; 2017; Jonsdottir, G. A.; Dofradottir, A. G.; Einarsson, H. B.
- The 2016 Canadian Census: An Innovative Wave Collection Methodology to Maximize Self-Response and Internet...; 2017; Mathieu, P.
- Push2web or less is more? Experimental evidence from a mixed-mode population survey at the community...; 2017; Neumann, R.; Haeder, M.; Brust, O.; Dittrich, E.; von Hermanni, H.
- In search of best practices; 2017; Kappelhof, J. W. S.; Steijn, S.
- Redirected Inbound Call Sampling (RICS); A New Methodology ; 2017; Krotki, K.; Bobashev, G.; Levine, B.; Richards, S.
- An Empirical Process for Using Non-probability Survey for Inference; 2017; Tortora, R.; Iachan, R.
- The perils of non-probability sampling; 2017; Bethlehem, J.
- A Comparison of Two Nonprobability Samples with Probability Samples; 2017; Zack, E. S.; Kennedy, J. M.
- Rates, Delays, and Completeness of General Practitioners’ Responses to a Postal Versus Web-Based...; 2017; Sebo, P.; Maisonneuve, H.; Cerutti, B.; Pascal Fournier, J.; Haller, D. M.
- Necessary but Insufficient: Why Measurement Invariance Tests Need Online Probing as a Complementary...; 2017; Meitinger, K.
- Nonresponse in Organizational Surveying: Attitudinal Distribution Form and Conditional Response Probabilities...; 2017; Kulas, J. T.; Robinson, D. H.; Kellar, D. Z.; Smith, J. A.
- Theory and Practice in Nonprobability Surveys: Parallels between Causal Inference and Survey Inference...; 2017; Mercer, A. W.; Kreuter, F.; Keeter, S.; Stuart, E. A.
- Is There a Future for Surveys; 2017; Miller, P. V.
- Reducing speeding in web surveys by providing immediate feedback; 2017; Conrad, F.; Tourangeau, R.; Couper, M. P.; Zhang, C.
- Social Desirability and Undesirability Effects on Survey Response latencies; 2017; Andersen, H.; Mayerl, J.
- A Working Example of How to Use Artificial Intelligence To Automate and Transform Surveys Into Customer...; 2017; Neve, S.
- A Case Study on Evaluating the Relevance of Some Rules for Writing Requirements through an Online Survey...; 2017; Warnier, M.; Condamines, A.
- Estimating the Impact of Measurement Differences Introduced by Efforts to Reach a Balanced Response...; 2017; Kappelhof, J. W. S.; De Leeuw, E. D.
- Targeted letters: Effects on sample composition and item non-response; 2017; Bianchi, A.; Biffignandi, S.